Technological thesis – PhD – MERATE (LC) – Functional dopamine-based coatings for X-ray Astronomical Optics: growth mechanisms, recipe optimization, and environmental testing – Cotroneo, Pareschi, Spiga.

This doctoral thesis aims to develop innovative dopamine-based coatings intended for optical components used in astrophysical applications, building upon the extensive prior research conducted by the Observatory. These coatings are applied via a dip-coating process on conventional optics operating X-rays, enhancing their reflective performance particularly in the soft X-ray band.

The research will focus on four main areas:

1. Study of growth mechanisms: Using advanced chemical-physical characterization techniques (spectroscopy, microscopy, and X-ray measurements), the mechanisms underlying the polymerization and adhesion of dopamine coatings on optical substrates will be investigated.
2. Optimization of recipes: Various formulations and deposition conditions (concentration, temperature, pH, deposition time) will be experimented with to identify combinations yielding optimal optical, mechanical, adhesive properties, and minimal scattering required by astronomical instruments.
3. Scattering characterization: Detailed measurements will be conducted to evaluate the scattering caused by these coatings, aiming to minimize undesirable effects and enhance the overall optical performance of instruments.
4. Environmental testing: Extensive tests will be performed to assess the resilience of the coatings under simulated space conditions, including thermal vacuum, UV exposure, extreme thermal cycling, and ionizing radiation, to ensure long-term stability and suitability for space missions.

The research will be conducted at INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, in collaboration with national and international partners involved in the DOVER project (ASI-funded) and previous studies. The ultimate objective is the realization of reliable and high-performance coating prototypes, paving the way for the adoption of this technology in ongoing or future astrophysical missions.